Political History of Tukarali

The politics and history of Tukarali were very isolated until the late 2700s and little is recorded about the nation before then. When the Glorious Republic of Tukarali was established in the 2780s the nation underwent heavy modernization. From that point forward the recording of Tukarese history was more consistent, but still with some isolated and poorly recorded periods.

Tukarali has shifted between many forms of government. Currently it is a democratic parliamentary republic. Previously then nation has often been an authoritarian state with one-party rule. Tukarali has also been a constitutional monarchy, under of the House of Aynako.

Political History

Glorious Republic & Liberalist Era (2787-2835)

The Tukarese presidency was created at the same time as the Glorious Republic, following the takeover by the National Conservative Party and Ryan Malagar in 2787. The Glorious Republic ended in 2791, beginning the Liberalist Era. Despite the short reign, Malagar became a very important figure in Tukarese politics and his ideology influenced dozens of future movements.

During the Liberalist Era the Office of the Prime Minister was created. It was tradition for new Presidents to appoint a new Cabinet for their administration, and the National Congress then approved the Cabinet.

The Liberalist Era was characterized by a semi-presidential republic that was largely dominated by minority groups. However the period did not constitute true minority-rule as no segregationist policies were ever instituted.

In the final two decades of the Liberalist Era the National Conservative Party (NCP) was restored under Kyuma Naruhito. Power shifted back and forth between Naruhito and the Solidarity Action Party (SAP). Among many groups in Tukarali, the SAP became one of the most hated political parties in history due to their stubborn and ineffectual nature. Eventually the Malagarists of the NCP overcame SAP stubbornness and a monarchy was created, restoring rule to the Tukarese.

Democratic Kingdom (2835-2868)

The monarchy was established under the House of Aynako in September 2835, with coordination from the National Conservative Party. Gloria I of Tukarali became the first monarch of what was officially titled as the Democratic Kingdom of Tukarali.

The Democratic Kingdom was a constitutional monarchy. The monarch was head of state and the head of government was the premier. The premier, along with the cabinet, were selected with approval of the 525-member parliament.

The kingdom lasted only until 2868, when the Solidarity Action Party dismantled the government and created a one-party republic under their rule.

Greater Tukarali (3013-3086)

The Republic of Greater Tukarali was an authoritarian parliamentary republic and one-party state. The head of state was the Great Dictator and the head of government was the Chairman of the Cabinet. The Great Dictator was Shuya Nakagawa, who was not elected and designated to hold his office for eternity.

National Diet in Sangon.

The majority of powers were held by the Great Dictator, and the Chairman's main duty was to see that the cabinet and parliament operated efficiently. The Chairman was appointed by the National Diet and generally was from the largest party or coalition. The National Diet had 750 seats and its representatives were elected directly by the people every six years.

The Supreme Court of Tukarali was the highest court of the judiciary and is composed of seven Supreme Justices. Every province had its own court, and there were local courts for minor cases. The Great Dictator had extensive influence in the judiciary and often could choose to rule on cases if he so chose. All national offices were located in the capital, Sangon.

In 2852, the position of Governor-General was created to give citizens a directly elected representative in politics. At this point the Governor-General became considered the head of the Executive Branch instead of the Premier. Eventually the monarchy ended in 2868 and the Head of State became known as the First Consul and the Head of Government the Chancellor.

In 2943, when the Federal Republic was created, offices shifted around from post-monarchy and the Head of State became the Lord Protector and the Head of Government the First Consul. These offices were then merged into use in the dual monarchy that was created in 2898. And then, there use continued further in the fourth republic in 2943. The fourth republic collapsed in the late 2990s after the implosion of the Solidarity Action Republican Party. In July 3006 a fascist state was formally created though it lasted only six years before being dismantled. Replacing the fascist state was the fifth republic, known better as the Republic of Greater Tukarali. The fifth republic adopted a dictatorship-style government mixed with a supposedly democratic parliamentary republic system.

The Tukarese economy is a mixed market with large socialistic leanings. Many industries are privately-owned, but closely monitored by the government. The government oversees the operation of a number of key industries. Tukarali has a strong economy, reliant on its fishing industry, technological industries, and manufacturing industries. The current government promotes an idea of nation self-reliance, pushing for the ability of Tukarali to be able to supply itself will all its needs. Income taxes are progressive, and there is a moderate corporation tax. Currently Tukarali ranks as one of the largest economies in the world.

Monarchs

Full Article: Monarch of Tukarali (Includes List of Monarchs)

The Monarchy was created on September 7, 2835 and was headed by the House of Aynako. In August 2868 the monarchy was disestablished when minority-ruled started up. When monarchism returned to Tukarali in the late 29th Century the royal house was abandoned in favor of a dual monarchy under two new royal families, the Reims and House of Ruan. The dual monarchy came into existence on November 5, 2898. The Dual Monarchs of Tukarali were largely symbolic and cultural, holding little to no powers. In 2943 the dual monarchy was abolished and a republic was restored.

Heads of State

Presidents of the Reestablished Democratic Republic

The Democratic Republic of Tukarali was reestablished in 3367 following the downfall of the Glorious Republic of Greater Tukarali.

	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Party
16.		Getulio Araya	April 3367	May 3372	Tukarese Democratic Union
17.		Julia Guterres	May 3372	April 3380	Tukarese Democratic Union
18.		João Tepper	April 3380	April 3384	Tukarese Democratic Union
19.		Suzaku de Valdiza	April 3384	December 3387	Most Serene House Of Valdiza
20.		Manoel Jobim	December 3387	April 3396	Tukarese Democratic Union
21.		Hélder Olazábal	April 3396	April 3404	Tukarese Democratic Union
22.		José Magalhães	April 3404	April 3412	Tukarese Democratic Union
23.		Captain Spear Raider	April 3412	November 3423	Pirate Party
24.		Victor Martin	November 3423	April 3424	Pirate Party
25.		Captain Spear Raider	April 3424	April 3428	Pirate Party
26.		Estevão Medeiros	April 3428	April 3432	Tukarese Democratic Union
27.		Capitain Jennifer Morgan	April 3432	April 3436	Pirate Party
28.		Adão Machado	April 3436	April 3444	Tukarese Democratic Union
29.		Raimundo Taniguchi	April 3444	April 3452	Tukarese Democratic Union
30.		Amilcar Simões	April 3452	April 3460	Tukarese Democratic Union
31.		Pierrick Basurto	April 3460	April 3468	Tukarese Democratic Union
32.		Oscar Abreu	April 3468	April 3476	Tukarese Democratic Union
33.		Aníbal Machado	April 3476	April 3484	Tukarese Democratic Union
34.		Cristóvão Hisakawa	April 3484	April 3492	Tukarese Democratic Union
35.		Héber Passini	April 3492	April 3500	Tukarese Democratic Union
36.		Laura Simões	April 3500	April 3508	Tukarese Democratic Union
37.		João Capaldi	April 3508	April 3516	Tukarese Democratic Union
38.		Luisa Machado	April 3516	April 3524	Tukarese Democratic Union
39.		Ricardo Morales	April 3524	April 3528	Democratic Workers Party
40.		Felipe Souza	April 3528	April 3532	Alliance of the Centre
41.		Amilcar Abreu	April 3532	April 3540	Tukarese Democratic Union
42.		Alvaro Veles	April 3540	April 3548	Tukarese Democratic Union
43.		Dorotéia Cabral	April 3548	April 3556	Tukarese Democratic Union
44.		Elias Estéves	April 3556	April 3564	Tukarese Democratic Union
45.		Amadeo Gonsalves	April 3564	April 3568	Tukarese Democratic Union
46.		Ricardo Morales	April 3568	April 3572	Democratic Workers Party
47.		Anatol Abreu	April 3572	April 3576	Tukarese Democratic Union
48.		Rogerio Granco	April 3576	September 3578	Partido Socialista de Tukarali
49.		Ingmar Meirelles	September 3578	July 3586	People's Front of Tukarali
50.		João Abril	July 3586	July 3594	Tukarese Democratic Union
51.		Laëtitia Das Neves	July 3594	July 3598	Tukarese Democratic Union
52.		Henrique Pamplona	July 3598	July 3602	Partido Conservador Democrata
53.		Marcos Armenteros	July 3602	February 3603	Democratic Workers Party
54.		Bernardo Campos	February 3603	August 3604	Partido da Social Democracia Tukarêse
55.		Rui Rondon	August 3604	July 3606	Partido de Gronaldistas
56.		Tancredo da Silva	July 3606	April 3615	Tukarese Democratic Union
57.		Adelardo de Freitas	April 3515	April 3623	Tukarese Democratic Union
58.		Cátia Tsukuda	April 3623	April 3631	Tukarese Democratic Union
59.		Xavier Paredes	April 3631	April 3640	Tukarese Democratic Union
60.		Carlos Smith	April 3640	April 3644	União da Direita Democrática
61.		Nicodemo Souza	April 3644	August 3648	Tukarese Democratic Union
62.		Fernando Acosta	August 3648	August 3652	Conservative People's Party
63.		Marcos Armenteros	August 3652	August 3656	Democratic Workers Party
64..		Satyro Joao	August 3656	March 3658	Fronto Popularao
64.		Moisés Araújo	March 3658	March 3666	Tukarese Democratic Union
65.		Josué Moreno	March 3666	March 3674	Tukarese Democratic Union
66.		Germán Athaliah Matthiasen	March 3674	March 3678	Conservative People's Party
67.		Balduíno de Quadros	March 3678	November 3684	Tukarese Democratic Union
68.		Luís Ribeiro	November 3684	February 3687	Tukarese Democratic Union
69.		Marcos Armenteros	February 3687	February 3691	Democratic Workers Party
70.		Heliodoro Gomes	February 3691	February 3699	Tukarese Democratic Union
71.		Ean Magalhães	February 3699	incumbent	Tukarese Democratic Union

Presidents of Greater Tukarali

Main Article: President of Greater Tukarali

The presidency of the Glorious Republic of Greater Tukarali was established on December 18, 3354.

	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Party
1		Rui Malagar	December 3354	April 3360	Society of Patriots
2		Luciano Manoel Gadanha Hortencio	April 3360	April 3366	Alliance of Liberals and Progressives
3		Getulio Araya	April 3366	April 3367	Tukarese Democratic Union

Presidents of the Democratic Republic of Tukarali

The Democratic Republic of Tukarali was established in 3256 and lasted until 3345. With the exception of the first incumbent, Geoffrey Thornalley, the Presidents of the Democratic Republic served in a symbolic capacity, acting as a figurehead internally and externally without wielding any real power.

	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Party
1		Geoffrey Thornalley	April 3286	August 3291	Tukarese Democratic Union
2		Leo Johnson	April 3291	August 3295	Tukarese Democratic Union
3		John Staton	August 3295	August 3297	Patriot Party
4		Vilhelmo Magbantay	August 3297	August 3301	Tukarese Democratic Union
5		Charles Newstone Jr	August 3301	June 3304	Republican Party
6		Salomon Monzon	June 3304	November 3308	Tukarese Democratic Union
7		Guo Gilberto Araya	November 3308	November 3312	Tukarese Democratic Union
8		Lionel Ning	November 3312	November 3316	Tukarese Democratic Union
9		Charles Newstone Jr	November 3316	June 3318	Republican Party
10		Ganbataar Bat-Erdene	June 3318	May 3323	Tukarese Democratic Union
11		Rena Surab	May 3323	May 3327	Tukarese Democratic Union
12		Puntsagiin Bayar	May 3327	May 3331	Tukarese Democratic Union
13		John Baker	May 3331	November 3339
14		Sanjaasürengiin Altankhuyag	November 3339	November 3344	Tukarese Democratic Union
15		Andreas Magbantay	November 3344	December 3345	Tukarese Democratic Union

Leaders of the Insurectionnal Disorder

After the end to the reign of Emir Mullah Mohammad Selassie, the Insurectionnal Disorder of Tukarali was created. This government was a presidential republic with the head of state titled as the "Mysterious Elected Tukarese."

	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Party
1		André Breton Junior	October 3142	October 3152	Dada Revolution Revival
2		Ganbaatar Sumagaysay	October 3152	February 3156	Ekh Oron Nam
3		André Breton Junior	February 3156	June 3169	Dada Revolution Revival
4		Ganbaatar Sumagaysay	June 3169	October 3172	Ekh Oron Nam
5		André Breton Junior	October 3172	June 3207	Dada Revolution Revival

Presidents of the Socialist Republic

The office of the president during the Tukarese socialist republic was a short-lived position that existed between 3090 and 3092 following the collapse of Greater Tukarali and prior to the Islamic state.

	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Party
1		Lawrence Thornycroft	January 3090	April 3091	Communist Party
2		Tsai Sheng	April 3091	June 3092	Gémìngdǎng (革命党)

Chief Executives of the State Council (Kingdom of Tukarali)

The Chief Executive of the State Council served as a viceroy position in the Kingdom of Tukarali until a monarch had been decided by the government and International Monarchist League. A monarch was never decided and for the whole existence of the Kingdom of Tukarali, the Chief Executive was head of state.

	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Party
1		Sun Shwe	October 3083	September 3086	Tuánjiédǎng (团结党)

Great Dictators of the Republic of Greater Tukarali

The Office of the Great Dictator was created on September 25, 3013 after the collapse of the fascist state. Under the authoritarian dictatorial government of the Republic of Greater Tukarali (fifth republic), the Great Dictator held a long list of powers over the nation. Shuya Nakagawa, the main creator behind the fifth republic, is prescribed as the eternal holder of the office. In the fall of 3083 Greater Tukarali was dismantled and replaced by a transitional government. Ultimately this transitional state, which sought to create a monarchy, failed and was later replaced by a socialist republic. It would not be until this socialist republic, in the 3090s, that there would again be a true head of state.

	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Party
1		Shuya Nakagawa	September 25, 3013	October 3083	Aikokusha

Führers of the Fascist State

The Office of the Führer was created in July 3006 under the fascist state which replaced the fourth republic.

	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Party
1		Alexander Maxwell	July 3, 3006	January 28, 3013	Tukarali Nazi Party
2		Shuya Nakagawa	January 28, 3013	September 25, 3013	Aikokusha

Lord Protectors of the Dual Monarchy & Fourth Republic

The Office of the Lord Protector was created on November 5, 2898 at the same time as the dual monarchy. Like the Governor-General, its purpose was to give citizens a directly elected representative in politics. The Lord Protector was Head of State alongside the Dual Monarchs. After the dual monarchy was abolished, the title of Lord Protector was kept for the Head of State.

	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Party
1	-	"Mau Orifix"	December 15, 2899	December 15, 2905	Solidarity Action Republican Party
2		Takahiro Tran	December 15, 2905	December 15, 2911	Tukarese Restoration Party
3		Isidro Sipe	December 15, 2911	September 15, 2913	Tukarali Ultra-Conservative Party
4		Billie Robinson	September 15, 2913	September 15, 2922	Tukarese Conservative Party
5	-	"Mau Orifix"	September 15, 2922	May 15, 2925	Solidarity Action Republican Party
6		Isidro Sipe	May 15, 2925	May 15, 2928	Tukarali Ultra-Conservative Party
7	-	"Mau Orifix"	May 15, 2928	May 15, 2931	Solidarity Action Republican Party
8		Isidro Sipe	May 15, 2931	May 15, 2940	Tukarali Ultra-Conservative Party
9		Elbert Wainriff	May 15, 2940	May 15, 2943	Tukarali Ultra-Conservative Party
10	-	"Mau Orifix"	May 15, 2943	May 15, 2958	Solidarity Action Republican Party
11		Alexandro Zapata	May 15, 2958	November 5, 2965	Coalition for Tukarese Advancement
12	-	"Mau Orifix"	November 5, 2965	October 21, 2975	Solidarity Action Republican Party
13		Cecil Atherstone	October 21, 2975	April 10, 2976	National Party of Tukarali
14		Hakeem Razzaque	April 10, 2976	April 14, 2978	Tukarali Khaliffah Al-Islam
15	-	"Mau Orifix"	April 14, 2978	May 17, 2986	Solidarity Action Republican Party
16		Alexandro Zapata II	May 17, 2986	December 14, 2987	National Front
17	-	"Mau Orifix"	December 14, 2987	December 19, 3001	SARP - Fronte Nazionale di Liberazione
18	-	Alexander Maxwell	December 19, 3001	July 3, 3006	Tukarali Nazi Party

First Consuls of the Third Republic

The Office of the First Consul served as the head of state officially beginning in February of 2871, and it was used until November 5, 2898 when the dual monarchy was created. Afterwords, the office served as head of government.

	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Party
1	-	"Mau Orifix"	February 1, 2871	June 7, 2888	Solidarity Action Republican Party
2		William Ballard	June 7, 2888	February 13, 2891	Tukarali Ultra-Conservative Party
3	-	"Mau Orifix"	February 13, 2891	November 5, 2898	Solidarity Action Republican Party

Governor-Generals of the Democratic Kingdom

The Office of the Governor-General was created on September 10, 2852 to give citizens a directly elected representative in politics. The Governor-General was Head of State alongside the Monarch.

	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Party
1	-	F. Orifix	November 15, 2853	November 15, 2855	Solidarity Action Party
2		Guo Qi	November 15, 2855	November 15, 2857	Tukarese People's Alliance
3	-	F. Orifix	November 15, 2857	November 15, 2867	Solidarity Action Party

Presidents of the First & Second Republics

The Office of the President was created in April 2787 with the creation of the "Glorious Republic". The position was abolished on September 7, 2835 when the "Democratic Kingdom" was created.

	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Party
1		Ryan Malagar	April 15, 2787	June 15, 2791	Nasyonal Kaigihan Lapian
2	-	F. Orifix	June 15, 2791	July 15, 2791	Solidarity Action Party
3		Roland Lafarge	July 15, 2791	July 15, 2792	Nationalist Party of Tukarali
4	-	F. Orifix	July 15, 2792	July 15, 2794	Solidarity Action Party
5		Roland Lafarge	July 15, 2794	August 15, 2801	Nationalist Party of Tukarali
6	-	F. Orifix	August 15, 2801	August 15, 2803	Solidarity Action Party
7		Roland Lafarge	August 15, 2803	August 15, 2805	Nationalist Party of Tukarali
8	-	F. Orifix	August 15, 2805	August 15, 2807	Solidarity Action Party
9		Roland Lafarge	August 15, 2807	August 15, 2809	Nationalist Party of Tukarali
10	-	F. Orifix	August 15, 2809	August 15, 2817	Solidarity Action Party
11		Kyuma Naruhito	August 15, 2817	August 15, 2831	National Conservative Party
12		Ryouta Asano	August 15, 2831	September 7, 2835	National Conservative Party

Heads of Government

Chancellors of the Reestablished Democratic Republic

The Office of the Chancellor was reestablished after the 3372 elections in the new Democratic Republic, which was formed after the state's reformation in 3367.

#	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Party
11		Getulio Araya	May 3372	May 3382	Tukarese Democratic Union
12		Gerard Thomas	May 3382	May 3384	Tukarese Democratic Union
13		Kichirou de Valdiza	May 3384	March 3388	Most Serene House of Valdiza
14		José Magalhães	March 3388	March 3403	Tukarese Democratic Union
15		Guálter Basurto	March 3403	May 3412	Tukarese Democratic Union
16		Jennifer Morgan	May 3212	January 3417	Pirate Party
17		Caroline Hellekin	January 3417	August 3428	Order and Progress Party
18		Adão Machado	August 3428	July 3432	Tukarese Democratic Union
19		David Cannon	July 3432	May 3436	Pirate Party
20		Amilcar Simões	May 3436	May 3451	Tukarese Democratic Union
21		Aníbal Machado	May 3451	September 3469	Tukarese Democratic Union
22		Héber Passini	September 3469	April 3479	Tukarese Democratic Union
23		Laura Simões	April 3479	May 3499	Tukarese Democratic Union
24		Tristão Leite	May 3499	May 3510	Tukarese Democratic Union
25		Amilcar Abreu	May 3510	June 3524	Tukarese Democratic Union
26		Juan Garcia	June 3524	June 3528	Democratic Workers Party
27		Dorotéia Cabral	June 3528	June 3544	Tukarese Democratic Union
28		Elias Estéves	June 3544	June 3548	Tukarese Democratic Union
29		Anatol Abreu	June 3548	October 3564	Tukarese Democratic Union
30		Juan Garcia	October 3564	December 3576	Democratic Workers Party
31		Marcelo Gronalda	December 3576	May 3578	Partido Socialista de Tukarali
		vacant	May 3578	February 3580	none
32		Fernando Padilha	February 3580	incumbent	People's Front of Tukarali
33		Juan Garcia	July 3586	August 3586	Democratic Workers Party
34		Sofia de la O	August 3586	February 3599	Tukarese Democratic Union
35		Regina Moore	February 3599	January 3603	Partido Conservador Democrata
36		Luís Castro Ming-Ho	January 3603	November 3604	União dos Partidos Trabalhistas
37		Reynardo Galicia	November 3604	August 3607	Democratic Workers Party
38		Adelardo de Freitas	August 3607	January 3614	Tukarese Democratic Union
39		Damião Vasconcelos	January 3614	May 3639	Tukarese Democratic Union
40		Simão Mateus	May 3639	July 3640	Tukarese Democratic Union
29		Florentine Jones	July 3640	June 3645	União da Direita Democrática
30		Indíbil Vergara	June 3645	April 3649	Democratic Workers Party
31		Fred Martins	April 3649	incumbent	Conservative People's Party

Chancellors of the Democratic Republic of Tukarali

From 3291, the government of the Democratic Republic of Tukarali was lead by the Chancellor. The post of Chancellor was generally regarded as the most influential position within the political system.

#	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Party
1		Edmund Chu	August 3291	August 3295	Tukarese Democratic Union
2		Charles Newstone	August 3295	August 3297	Patriot Party
3		Guo Gilberto Araya	August 3297	August 3301	Tukarese Democratic Union
4		Charles Newstone	August 3301	June 3304	Republican Party
5		Guo Gilberto Araya	June 3304	September 3308	Tukarese Democratic Union
6		Lionel Ning	September 3308	November 3312	Tukarese Democratic Union
7		Sebastiano Gallano	November 3312	May 3318	Tukarese Democratic Union
8		N.N.	May 3318	March 3323	Left Bloc - Rupture Political XXI
9		Sebastiano Gallano	March 3323	May 3330	Tukarese Democratic Union
10		Marisol Paresi	May 3330	December 3345	Tukarese Democratic Union

Chairmen of the Cabinet of the Republic of Greater Tukarali

The Office of the Chairman of the Cabinet was created on September 25, 3013 after the collapse of the fascist state. The office held few powers, other than presiding over the cabinet and seeing that efficiency occur in both the cabinet and National Diet.

#	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Party
1		Shinji Kuninobu	September 25, 3013	March 11, 3034	Aikokusha
2		K. Huy Luong	March 11, 3034	July 28, 3065	Aikokusha
3		Jin Jingwei	July 28, 3065	January 3083	Aikokusha

Chancellors of the Fascist State

The Office of the Chancellor was created in July 3006 under the fascist state which replaced the fourth republic.

#	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Party
1	-	Drake Delano	July 3, 3006	February 3, 3013	Tukarali Nazi Party
2		Shinji Kuninobu	February 3, 3013	September 25, 3013	Aikokusha

Premiers of the Democratic Kingdom

The Office of Premier was created with the "Democratic Kingdom" on September 7, 2835. It held many of the same powers as the Presidents did under the past government, the only difference was that the Premiers were not the Head of State, the Monarch was.

#	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Party
1		Ryouta Asano	September 7, 2835	December 15, 2840	National Conservative Party
2	-	"G. Kargo"	December 15, 2840	June 21, 2852	Solidarity Action Party
3		Ryouta Asano	June 21, 2852	February 2, 2854	Tukarese People's Alliance
4	-	"G. Kargo"	February 2, 2854	Unknown, Date Not Recorded	Solidarity Action Party